I feel that there is one major one, but don't want to jump right to it. Before getting to it, first there should be agreements as to whether or not the New Testament documents are historically reliable.
Also, I recognize that some people here didn't like the fact that I have a tendency at times to quote what an expert says on the subject and then explain it better in order to save me time. Hopefully, I have pleased them here... I love collecting quotes, so I couldn't help but share a couple.
This is going to be long, but I've summarized what is a book length subject up as best I can. I hope you enjoy the read.
Sections:
1 -- Documentary Evidence
2 -- Examining the Authors
3 -- Christian Origins
1 -- DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
The documentary evidence for the NT is something that has always amazed me. The documentary evidence is important, because they go to show whether or not the New Testament is historically reliable as a witness to God's self-revelation in Christ.
As most of you surely know, we have over 5,000 Greek manuscripts of the New Testament, with the most cherished going back to around AD 350. Add this in with the 9,000 Latin Vulgate manuscripts and the 8,000 Ethioopic, Slavic, and Armenian manuscripts, you get around 24,000 in total. This amount boggles the mind when compared with other ancient works. It has led Paul E. Little to write,
"The extraordinary number of copies of early NT material defies imagination. When we compare it with other documents of ancient writings from the same time, it fills us with admiration." [1]
Indeed, I can recall having a rather fun conversation with a skeptic at sntjohnny.com. I used his reasoning in disproving the existence of Alexander the Great!
To fully understand how far the NT is above the competition, here is a list of other ancient writings and how they stack up in terms of manuscript evidence...
1. Caesar's "Gallic War" was written between 58-50 BC with only 9 or 10 good manuscripts. Amazingly, the oldest is around 900 years later than Caesar's day.
2. Out of Tacitus' 14 books of the "Histories" (AD 100), only 4 1/2 survive. The 16 books of Tacitus' "Annals" now have only 10 that survived in full and two in some part. Those parts of his works still in existence rely on 2 manuscripts, one coming from the 9th century and one from the eleventh.
3. I don't have the details of Alexander the Great at hand, but you can trust me that the earliest documentary evidence for his existence comes hundreds of years after his existence.
These are just a few examples. In all, the NT contains more manuscript evidence than any other ancient writing. Not only that, but the evidence dates closer to the events recorded when compared to other great ancient works.
The point here should be painfully obvious: throw the historical reliability of the NT out and every ancient work follows directly behind it.
2 -- EXAMINING THE EARLY FOLLOWERS
Let us examine what the early followers went through during their lives.
According to Matthew 28:8-10, they claimed to have seen and touched a resurrected Christ. For this belief, John 15:19 reads that the world "hates" the disciples. 1Corinthians 4:11-13 reads that the disciples went "hungry and thirsty", were "in rags", "brutally treated", "homeless", "cursed" at, "persecuted", "slandered", and are considered "the scum of the earth".
History agrees that they did indeed go without food, slept outside like animals, got intense beatings, were tortured, and humiliated in the public eye. The majority of early Christians ultimately died for that which they claimed to have seen and touched.
Let me be careful with my words, though... Understand that I am not moving towards a "what the disciples went through is evidence for the existence of the Christian God", though I believe it is possible. I am far from that sort of reasoning. Rather, I am using a part of that argument to prove, no matter whether God exists or doesn't exist, the disciples had every reason to reliably preserve what was going on at the time.
But I will not stop at this point. Let's throw in another ingredient... people could easily cross-examine what the disciples were spreading.
1. Pauls first missionary journey occured from AD 46-48. This is merely 15 or so years after Christ's death.
2. 1Corinthians 15:3-5 is an early Christian saying which obviously was created in a summarized fashion for the sole purpose of easy memorization to help in spreading the Word. [2] We can get a pretty good origination date for this creed.
2.1. Christ was crucified around AD 30.
2.2. Paul became a Christian in AD 33.
2.3. 3 years after his conversion, he went to Jerusalem to stay with Peter. [3]
Paul must have received the creed from Christians in Damascus or from Peter and James during his stay in Jerusalem.
William Lane Craig (the real William Craig), research professor at Talbot School of Theology, writes,
"If Paul had not already received this saying from Christians in Damascus (which I think is probably, as he spent three years there), then he must have received it during this visit to Jerusalem. For Paul spent to weeks with Peter and spoke with James, both of whom claimed to have seen jesus alive from the dead; therefore, in the words of the great Cambridge New Testament scholar CH Dodd, "We may presume that they did not spend all their time talking about the weather." The facts about Jesus' life, death, and resurrection must have been the center of their discussion... It is interesting that the two individuals mentioned by Paul in his list of witnesses to the resurrection appearances (1Corinthians 15:5-8) are Peter and James." [9]
That leads me to date the creed incredibly early. As late as AD 36. A mere 6 years after Christ's resurrection!
There are a few other evidences adding to my arsenal, but these 2 are, I believe, indisputable. They prove that the message of Christ's life, death, and resurrection was being spread very early... immediately after Christ's death, pretty much.
So, I have two questions: (1) Why would the early followers want to lie about the history surrounding their belief, considering the events of their life? And (2) How can the early followers have gotten away with lying about the history surrounding their belief?
3 -- THE ORIGIN OF CHRISTIANITY
Let us assume the authors of the NT are lying. If they were lying, then they are horrible liars, because they lied about the wrong things:
(a) They preached the existence of a God who died the worst of deaths. They preached that this God was spat upon, humiliated, lost his ability to control his body, suffered greatly, and had an incredible loss of power. This completely contradicted what the populace expected in regards to the coming Christ.
Surely, the early followers of Christ would've recognized the whole population being turned off by such a God. Yet, they went through with their preachings anyway. They could've easily lied about Christ's crucifixion, if they were indeed these "great liars of history". Yet, they stuck to the truth. Why? The only answer is because they wanted to reliably preserve what had actually happened.
(
1 Thessalonians 5:21 -- Prove all things; hold fast that which is good.
Acts 17:11 -- These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so.
The disciples directly challenging people to verify claims and seek out the truth for themselves basically destroys the people's gullibility level and opens the disciples to getting embarassed and literally slammed if indeed they are lying.
Yet, the early followers didn't get slammed. Early Christianity didn't die out due to lies. Why? Because the early followers were telling the truth in regards to history. They knew they had no reason to lie.
3. The disciples using women as witnesses was a horrible thing to lie about, if indeed it were a lie.
During that period, Greek and Roman courts put women on the same level as slaves and children by not allowing them as witnesses in courts. The historian Josephus wrote that women were not accepted due to their "levity and temerity of their sex". Women were expected to speak to and through their husbands. They were not allowed to be witnesses to the rising of the moon as a sign of the beginning of festivals. According to the time, a woman's place was in the home.
Why would the disciples tell such an ignorant lie? Why say that women were witnesses to the Christ knowing that women weren't even trusted as witnesses in courts and other areas? The answer is no one would tell such a lie. It's worse than going to court with an inmate as your star witness. The fact that the disciples stayed true to this event is because they wanted to reliably preserve the history surrounding their belief.
4. Not only did the Christians welcome critique, they welcomed it in the type of environment where nothing would've escaped unnoticed. Neighbours would have to answer to other neighbours and members of the community if they became converts to the Christian faith. And seeing how radical the Christian message was, they of course would've not only checked up on it, but they would've been forced to.
The Pharisees examined Jesus in regards to little things like washing hands and picking grain. Jesus caused large crowds to gather. Just imagine how much skepticism would've surrounded the resurrection.
To sum up: I think it's more plausible that the early followers were being honest about the history at the time. If indeed they were lying, then those lies were horrible enough to have crushed Christianity before it even took its first step. Obviously, they used truth when writing the New Testament, rather than deceivement.
***CREDITS AND EXTRA COMMENTS***
[1] Know Why You Believe, p. 69
[2] Reasons to see it as a creed:
(a) Paul said he "received" the message
(
( c ) Chronological succession of one event after another summarized.
(d) All New Testamentscholars agree it is
[3] Galatians 1:18
[4] The Son Rises - The Historical Evidence for the Resurrection of Jesus, William Craig, p. 48
William Craig
This post has been edited by WilliamCraig: 29 October 2007 - 12:14 AM

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